The Pinzgauer has been developed by Alpine herdsmen dating back to what year?

The Pinzgauer breed, known for its dual-purpose capabilities in both milk and beef production, was indeed developed by Alpine herdsmen, and its origins trace back to around the year 1310. This period reflects a time in history when livestock breeding was becoming more focused on improving the utility and productivity of specific breeds, adapting them to the challenging alpine environments. The Pinzgauer has characteristics that make it well-suited for the rugged terrain and climate, which was crucial for herdsmen relying on these animals for their livelihood.

While there are other years mentioned in the options, they do not align with the historical timeline of the breed's development. The other years lack the relevant historical context or documentation to support the establishment of the Pinzgauer at those times, making the year 1310 the most accurate choice in acknowledging the breed's origins.